What is the legal term for an act that causes personal injury or property damage?

The term that refers to an act causing personal injury or property damage is "tort." In legal contexts, a tort is a civil wrong that leads to harm or loss, and the injured party can seek compensation through the legal system. Tort law encompasses various scenarios, such as negligence, intentional harms (like assault), and strict liability cases, highlighting the responsibility individuals or entities have for their actions that result in injury to others.

Understanding the concept of tort is important, as it sets the foundation for a wide range of legal issues where compensation may be pursued for harm suffered, whether it be physical, emotional, or financial in nature.