Which is characterized by an intentional false statement made to damage another person's reputation?

The correct answer, libel, refers to the act of making a false statement about someone in a written or published format that is intended to harm their reputation. This can include statements made in newspapers, online posts, or any other medium where the misinformation is documented. Libel is a form of defamation, where the focus is on written communication, as opposed to slander which concerns spoken words.

Understanding libel helps clarify its legal implications, as it can lead to civil suits for damages, allowing the person who was harmed to seek compensation. This distinction is crucial for recognizing how written falsehoods can have serious repercussions on an individual's public image or career.

Other options, though related to harmful actions, do not fit this specific definition. Slander involves spoken statements rather than written ones, fraud pertains to deceit used for personal gain, and malpractice typically refers to negligent professional conduct rather than defamation issues.